pH sensitive phosphate crosslinked films of starch-carboxymethyl cellulose

This work aims to develop hydrogel films of starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) crosslinked with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) and to characterize some of their properties. Starch and STMP (S/T), starch and CMC (S/C), and mixed (S/T/C) films were prepared by casting. The degree of substitution, morphology, swelling degree, FTIR, mechanical properties, and sorption isotherms were studied. Reticulated samples (S/T and S/T/C) showed the same degree of substitution (0.050 ± 0.001). All films presented homogeneous morphology, but the mixed film showed greater roughness. Crosslinking increased the swelling capacity of the mixed hydrogel at pH 7, although it remained decreased concerning the S/T hydrogel. However, this property was sensitive to pH variations. The mixed film (S/T/C) showed greater mechanical resistance. The casting process was efficient to produce hydrogel films of starch/CMC crosslinked with STMP and the general results demonstrated the advantages of the mixed hydrogel.     

Influence of deposited amine-functionalized Si-MCM-41 in polyacrylonitrile electrospun membranes applied for separation of water in oil emulsions

Among several oil/water emulsion separation technologies, the utilization of nanoparticle-decorated membranes with diverse functionalities has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly if the antifouling capacity can be improved. In this article, we propose a new membrane based on surface-hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile electrospun membranes and/or decorated with amine-functionalized Si-MCM-41 nanoparticles to be used as oil/water emulsion separation treatment and to determine their antifouling ability. X-Ray photoelectron spectrometry, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and toluidine blue O assay, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements for oil under water and thermogravimetry were used for characterizing the membranes and an assay of permeability was developed to quantify the diffusion of oil molecules across the electrospun membrane. The electrospun and/or decorated membranes showed an underwater oleophobic wettability, which can separate oil-in-water emulsions with 87% separation efficiency, results of fouling experiments, evaluated in terms of rejection and flux recovery ratio, exhibited good antifouling ability, but the membrane decoration process did not lead to superior outcomes compared with undecorated membranes.     

Sex Pheromone of the Alfalfa Plant Bug,Adelphocoris lineolatus: Pheromone Composition and Antagonistic Effect of 1-Hexanol (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Journal of Chemical Ecology - The sex pheromone composition of alfalfa plant bugs, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), from Central Europe was investigated to test the hypothesis that insect species...     

Development of a Phytochemical-Based Lure for the Dried Bean Beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

The dried bean beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus, is an economically important, worldwide pest of legume crops including dry beans, Phaseolus vulgaris. Assessment of A. obtectus infestation levels in pre-harvest field crops and post-harvest granaries is difficult to achieve because there is no effective monitoring tool for early detection so that interventions can be deployed as needed. Because A. obtectus is a generic pollen and nectar feeder, we adopted an electrophysiological (EAG) screening approach, using the antennae of female A. obtectus to identify physiologically active, volatile phytochemicals, which could then be investigated for their attractiveness to A. obtectus in laboratory behavioral assays and preliminary field tests. Of the 27 compounds tested in EAG screening, 5 compounds, i.e., methyl anthranilate, methyl eugenol, benzyl alcohol, (RS)-lavandulol, and 2-phenylethanol, elicited stronger EAG responses than the standard (1-phenylethanol). In 4-arm olfactometer bioassays, female A. obtectus preferred the olfactometer arm containing the odor of either methyl anthranilate or benzyl alcohol compared to the solvent control. In preliminary field tests using these 2 compounds as a binary mixture, at least 5 times as many beetles were caught on baited traps compared to non-baited traps. The field data also suggested that benzyl alcohol was primarily responsible for the field activity of the blend. We hypothesize that the attraction of A. obtectus to the combined benzyl alcohol/methyl anthranilate and the single benzyl alcohol baits is connected to the species` nectar- and pollen-feeding behaviour and not to its intraspecific communication. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that A. obtectus behavior in the field can be modified by the deployment of plant-derived semiochemicals.

     

工艺参数对选择性激光烧结PS/SBS/纳米CaCO3制件弯曲强度影响

针对聚苯乙烯(PS)粉末选择性激光烧结(SLS)成型件强度较低的问题,采用机械混合法制备了PS/苯乙烯–丁二烯–苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)/纳米CaCO₃复合粉末,通过单因素实验分析了SLS工艺参数对成型件弯曲强度的影响,并通过正交试验和极差分析获得了最优工艺参数组合。实验结果表明,烧结件的弯曲强度随着激光功率的增大而升高,随着扫描速度、扫描间距和分层厚度的增大而降低;激光功率对PS/SBS/纳米CaCO₃复合粉末烧结件弯曲强度的影响最大,分层厚度对弯曲强度的影响最小,扫描速度和扫描间距的影响介于两者之间;最佳工艺参数组合为:激光功率27 W,扫描速度1300 mm/s,扫描间距0.24 mm,单层厚度0.22 mm。在此工艺参数组合下PS/SBS/纳米CaCO₃复合粉末烧结件的弯曲强度为13.38 MPa;改性纳米CaCO₃与PS和SBS的相容性较好,能有效起到增强的作用。     

Design of Lu2O3-reinforced Cf/SiC-ZrB2-ZrC ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites: Wetting and interfacial reactivity by ZrSi2 based alloys

The wettability and infiltration of molten ZrSi₂ and ZrSi₂-Lu₂O₃ alloys into C_f/SiC and B₄C-infiltrated C_f/SiC composites were investigated to understand the interfacial interactions that occur during the development of C_f/SiC-ZrC and C_f/SiC-ZrB₂-ZrC-Lu₂O₃ materials. A significant evaporation of Si from the liquid affected the wetting behaviour of the alloy when tested in a vacuum at 1670 °C. The better wetting and spreading of the alloy over the surface was observed for the composites with lower overall porosity (12 %). On the other hand, the formation of an outer dense layer, followed up by the uniform infiltrated region up to ～ 1 mm was observed for the C_f/SiC with higher porosity (21 %). The infiltrated alloy reacted with SiC matrix to form ZrC or with B₄C-infiltrated SiC matrix to form ZrB₂-ZrC-SiC. The Lu₂O₃ particles were not wetted by the melt, and were pushed away of the reaction zone by the solidification front.     

基于非下采样Contourlet变换耦合特征选择机制的可见光与红外图像融合算法

为了克服当下较多可见光与红外图像融合方法因忽略了光谱特征而导致融合图像存在光谱扭曲、目标内容显著度较差等不足,提出了非下采样Contourlet变换(nonsubsampled contourlet transform, NSCT)耦合特征选择机制的图像融合算法。首先,通过NSCT对可见光与红外图像计算,分离出其不同图像系数。然后,利用信息熵函数,度量图像所含信息量的丰富度,以形成低频系数的融合系数,得到富含红外目标等丰富信息的融合低频系数。采用像素点的邻点信息,度量图像的清晰度特征,并引入均值函数,度量图像的光谱特征,再联合图像的清晰度特征,构造特征选择机制,从图像中选择理想的高频系数融合函数,获取兼顾细节特征和光谱特征的融合高频系数。最后,通过实验结果发现,较现有的融合算法而言,所提算法拥有更好的融合质量,更好地保持了图像的光谱特征,且目标内容显著。     

正极材料Li[NixCoyMnz]O2的热稳定性

研究不同相区内的两种正极材料Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2(NCM622)和Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2(NCM811)的结构变化、热稳定性及放热反应机理.两种三元正极材料在充电过程中,相变顺序为H1、M、H2和H3.当结构转变为M相时,材料在高温下开始分解释氧,当结构转变为H2相时,材料热分解临界温度降低50℃左右.所研究的两种材料中,NCM811的热稳定性较差,主要原因有两个方面:首先,NCM811转变为不稳定相的临界电压较低,M、H2相变的临界电压分别为3.60 V、4.00 V,低于NCM622(分别为3.67 V和4.64 V);其次,同处于M相时,NCM811的释氧分解温度为300℃,低于NCM622的500℃.     

面向绿色施工的现场抑尘剂制备及应用性能研究

针对绿色施工要求,以及传统抑尘剂保水性能差、渗透率低的问题,提出用木质素磺酸钙和丙烯酰胺单体制备一种新型施工用抑尘剂.并对抑尘剂配比进行优化,探讨了不同配比对抑尘剂性能的影响.结果 表明,抑尘剂最佳配比为:引发剂浓度1.0×10-2mol·L-1;固含量8％;单体与木质磺酸钙添加比例1∶5;以此配比制备的抑尘剂粘度时间为242s,表面张力为4.5×10-2N·m-1,固结层强度较硬,接枝率为98.3％,渗透时间和渗透深度分别为16.7s和3m.工程应用发现,在喷洒该扬尘抑制剂78h后,保水率仍超过85％,质量损失率仅为0.7％,且具有良好的抗风蚀性能.各方面性能皆满足标准要求,是一种可用于建筑工地的抑尘剂.     

二乙酰单肟法测定微量尿素的方法改进

通过对二乙酰单肟法测定微量尿素方法存在的问题进行分析试验,改进试剂配制的配比用量,消除空白带色对试验结果的影响,总结试验实施效果与经验。